Mammaling
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Eurasian Wild Pig

Sus scrofa
LC · Least concern Artiodactyla Suidae
Eurasian Wild Pig (Sus scrofa)
Photo: © Jacqui Geux, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Size
90-180 cm; tail 15-40 cm long
Weight
50-150 kg (highly variable depending on region and sex)
Activity
Nocturnal
Sociability
Sounders of females and young; males more solitary
Lifespan
10-14 years in the wild
Gestation
112-120 days

Description

It is the wild ancestor of all domestic pig breeds worldwide, and probably the large mammal with the most extensive and rapidly expanding geographical distribution on the planet today. Its intelligence and adaptability are so remarkable that it has successfully colonised environments as diverse as temperate forests, Mediterranean marshes, and even the outskirts of large European cities. Here, it is increasingly common to see it foraging in bins. Where it has

How to identify it

A large suid with a robust body covered in dense, bristly hair, greyish-brown to black in colouring. It has a large, elongated head with a prominent snout and visible tusks in adult males. The young, with light and dark longitudinal stripes, are easily distinguished from uniformly coloured adults. It can be confused with the feral Domestic Pig in some areas where the two interbreed, producing intermediate-looking hybrids.

Signs and tracks

Wide, cloven track, 6-9 cm long. The lateral hooves (accessory toes) are marked even on firm ground, unlike deer, which only mark them on soft ground.
Droppings are cylindrical and segmented, grouped in irregular piles, containing root, fruit, and sometimes hair or small bone remains, depending on recent diet.
It leaves very characteristic rooting marks: strips of disturbed earth

Habitat and range

Forest, scrubland, marsh and agricultural margins. The Eurasian Wild Pig is highly tolerant of human-altered environments, from lowlands to mid-mountain areas. Native to much of Eurasia and North Africa; introduced and now fully feral in North America, South America, Australia, and several oceanic islands, where it constitutes a serious pest.

Diet

Opportunistic omnivore: roots, fruits, seeds, invertebrates, small vertebrates, and carrion. It locates food primarily by smell, largely obtaining it by rooting the ground with its snout.

Behaviour

It lives in family groups (sounders) of females and young, while adult males are more solitary except during oestrus.
It is very prolific, with numerous litters that can be repeated more than once a year in favourable conditions. This largely explains its rapid expansion where it is introduced.

Conservation

The Eurasian Wild Pig maintains very large and clearly expanding populations both in its native area of Eurasia and in regions where it has been introduced. This is favoured by its high reproductive rate, its generalist diet, and the reduction of natural predators in many areas.

Threats

As a species, it faces no relevant threats. On the contrary, it is the subject of intensive population control programmes in numerous countries. This is due to the damage it causes to crops, traffic accidents, and its role in transmitting diseases to domestic livestock.

Other accounts in Suidae

See all species accounts for even-toed ungulates · Full species index

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