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Cozumel Raccoon

Procyon pygmaeus
CR · Critically endangered Carnivora Procyonidae
Cozumel Raccoon (Procyon pygmaeus)
Photo: © Dan Riley, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Size
45-60 cm + tail 20-25 cm
Weight
3 to 4 kg
Activity
Nocturnal
Sociability
Solitary
Lifespan
8 to 10 years on freedom
Gestation
63 to 65 days

Description

It is the smallest mapache in the world, barely half the size of its continental relatives, a classic case of insular nanism that has evolved on the island of Cozumel after generations of complete isolation from the rest of American mapaches. It lives exclusively in the mangroves and the low jungle of this Mexican Caribbean island, where it seeks crab, fruit and insect between mangrove roots and soil leaf. It is one of the world's most threatened insular carnivores, with a total population heading within the limits of a single small island, something that makes it extraordinarily vulnerable to any catastrophic event such as a hurricane or the arrival of a disease.

How to identify it

Mapache small, notably smaller than the continental common mapache, with the characteristic dark antifas around the eyes and the tail ringed in white and black, but of more graceful complexion and shorter legs in proportion to the body.

Signs and tracks

Fingerprint with 5 front fingers and almost human-looking rear fingers, smaller than that of the continental mapache, 4-5 cm the front. Cylindrical and dark excrete, 5-7 cm, with remains of crab, fruit and insect visible, left in communal letrinas near manglar feeding areas. Leaves marks of clutches on trunks when climbing and remains of crab shell departed next to charcas and manglar areas where it feeds.

Habitat and range

Manglar and rainforest low tropical, in lowlands of the island of Cozumel. Endemic of this island of the Mexican Caribbean, opposite the coast of Quintana Roo, without natural presence outside it.

Diet

Omnivorous, it feeds on crabs, fruits, insects and small vertebrates from the manglar and the low forest of the island.

Behaviour

Solitary and mainly nocturnal activity, with a campground territory centered on the island's manglar and low forest areas.

Conservation

Its population is estimated at a few hundred individuals, with a decline trend associated with the loss of habitat by tourist development and road mortality; intense hurricanes pose an added risk given the reduced total population.

Threats

Tourist and urban development that fragments the island's manglar and low forest, road crashes, and intense hurricanes that can cause massive mortality given the reduced total population of the species.

Other accounts in Procyonidae

See all species accounts for carnivores · Full species index

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