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Ocelot

Leopardus pardalis
LC · Least concern Carnivora Felidae
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
Photo: © Emily Turteltaub Nelson, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Size
70-100 cm + tail 25-40 cm
Weight
7 to 16 kg
Activity
Nocturnal
Sociability
Solitary
Lifespan
10 to 13 years in Liberty
Gestation
from 79-85 days

Description

It is one of the most widespread spotted felines in America, able to live both in dense jungle as in dry roof or gallery forest, as long as there is sufficient vegetable coverage to hunt at night. It hunting mainly at night small soil prey, from rodents to reptiles, and its striking motifed fur was for decades the object of an intense hunt for leather trade that decimated much of its populations. Although on a global scale its situation is favorable, at the northern end of its distribution, in the south of the United States and northern Mexico, it survives in populations so small and fragmented that they are classified as in danger.

How to identify it

A medium-sized cat, somewhat larger than a large domestic cat, with wool covered with lengthy spots and open rosettes bordered with black arranged in oblique lines. It differs from the margay, very similar in coat pattern, by its larger size, shorter tail in proportion to the body and proportionally smaller eyes; from the jaguarundi is easily distinguished by the motifed coat against the smooth and uniform coat of the latter.

Signs and tracks

Round footprint without nail marks, 4-5 cm, slightly larger than that of a domestic cat and with the typical straight-line pattern of felines, in which the rear legs scratch on the mark left by the fronts. Cylindrical and segmented feces, 6-8 cm, with hair and visible bone, often deposited without burial on elevated points or crosses of paths as a territorial mark. Leave garlic marks on sloping trunks used to sharpen the nails, and sprayed urine with an intense stinking smell at repeated passing points.

Habitat and range

Tropical rainforest, gallery forest, thorns and mangroves, from low lands to mid-mountain heights. Distributed from the south of the United States to the north of Argentina, with the northernmost populations very fragmented.

Diet

Carnivorous, hunting mainly small mammals, birds, reptiles and soil amphibians, located at the bottom thanks to a highly developed ear and smell.

Behaviour

Solitary and territorial, of mainly nightlife activity, with males occupying far larger fields than the females and usually overlaping with several females. reproduction is not linked to a fixed time in most of its tropical area, and breeding remains with the mother several months after discharge.

Conservation

On a global scale, its populations are considered stable thanks to their wide distribution and their ability to adapt to different types of habitat, although at the northern end of their area, in the south of the United States and northern Mexico, only a handful of individuals survive in isolated populations subject to reintroduction programs and connectivity courses.

Threats

Habitat fragmentation due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure, road crashes in northern populations, and punctual furtive hunting despite the widespread ban on the trade in their skin.

Other accounts in Felidae

See all species accounts for carnivores · Full species index

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