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Red Fox

Vulpes vulpes
LC · Least concern Carnivora Canidae
Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Photo: © Mourad Harzallah, some rights reserved (CC BY)
Size
Body 45-90 cm long, tail 30-55 cm long
Weight
3-8 kg
Activity
Crepuscular
Sociability
Solitary or family groups
Lifespan
3-4 years in the wild
Gestation
51-53 days

Sounds and sonograms

Ángel · CC BY-NC

Description

If you had to choose a single animal to represent a mammal's capacity for survival, the Red Fox would be it. The Red Fox hunts in the same forests its ancestors did thousands of years ago. It also forages in bins in large cities, neither environment proving particularly hostile. It is the wild canid with the widest global distribution, naturally present across almost the entire northern hemisphere. It has a little-known trick: it can hear a rodent moving under the snow and calculate the precise distance to jump, plunging its snout exactly where the rodent is.

How to identify it

A small to medium-sized canid with reddish-orange fur, a white belly, throat, and tail tip, and black legs and backs of the ears. The tail is long and very bushy. It has vertical pupils, an uncommon trait among canids. It can be confused with the Golden Jackal where both species occur, but the latter has a shorter tail without a white tip.

Signs and tracks

Oval and elongated track, narrower than that of a similarly sized dog, 4-5 cm long, with four toes, distinct claws, and a trilobed plantar pad.
Droppings are elongated and spirally twisted, 5-10 cm long, containing hair, bones, and fruit remains. They have a strong musky odour and are deposited conspicuously at crossroads or on stones as a territorial mark.
It uses its own burrows or those of other animals (often badger setts), and buries leftover prey remains.

Habitat and range

Highly adaptable species: forest, scrub, agricultural land, and urban and peri-urban environments. Present across almost the entire Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Asia and North America) and in North Africa, from sea level to high mountains. Introduced to Australia, where it is an invasive species.

Diet

Opportunistic omnivore: small rodents, birds, insects, fruit and carrion, and in urban environments also human-derived refuse. It hunts mainly by stalking and scent.

Behaviour

Solitary or in small family groups, with territory marked with urine and droppings. Oestrus occurs in winter in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and the female raises a single annual litter of 4-6 young.

Conservation

It is one of the carnivores with the widest global distribution. Its populations remain stable or are expanding across most of its range. This includes a notable colonisation of urban environments in Europe and North America in recent decades.

Threats

Roadkill, human control through hunting or as a pest in some regions, and sarcoptic mange. It faces no significant global threats.

Community photographs

Red Fox

Photographs by Mammaling users, published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence.

Other accounts in Canidae

See all species accounts for carnivores · Full species index

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